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Separate molecule1 is smallest electric engine ever

For the first time, an electric engine has been made from a single molecule1. At 1X10e-09 meter long, that makes the organic2 compound3 the smallest electric engine ever. Its agents putting into existence the idea to put forward their design to Guinness World records, but the small engine could also have good uses, such as pushing liquid (or gas) through narrow pipes in "lab-on-a-chip" apparatus.

Molecules1 have previously converted energy from light and chemical reactions into directed motion like rolling or moving up and down. Electrics has also set an oxygen molecule1 turning as by chance. But controlled, electrics-driven motion – necessary for an idea to be ordered as a engine – had not yet been observed in a single molecule1.

To house this, E. Charles Sykes at Tufts University in Boston and persons having like-position turned to asymmetric4 butyl5 methyl6 sulphide7, a sulphur8 atom with a chain of four carbons on one side and a only one carbon atom on the other. They fixed the molecule1 to a copper plane via the sulphur8 atom, producing a uneven, horizontal "propeller9" that is free to go round about the upright copper-sulphur8 join (see outline). Over the molecule1 they placed a metal needle a few molecules1 wide at its endbit. When they came in great numbers a current from this endbit, through the molecule1, to the conductive copper under, the molecule1 converted the electrics energy into rotational10 energy. It bounced around in condition of shaking dances about 50 times a second.

Because the propeller9 is asymmetrical11, there are two ways it can be adjusted with respect to the copper. In one make adjustment – but not the other – the molecule1's dances were not random but slightly had a tendency in a certain direction in the direction of rotating going round left to right, allowing the researchers to put it in order as an engine.

It is not clear why the tendency in a certain direction takes place but Sykes suspects that a natural asymmetry12 in the endbit of the metal needle could give an account of why it only takes place in one molecule1 adjustment. If accepted by Guinness, the engine will be a record smasher. The current world-record keeper for the smallest electric engine is an over-size man by comparison, composed of two 200x10e-09 metre long black nanotubes13. Current running through these nanotubes13 pushes drops of made-liquid by heat metal from the outside of one pipe to the other. Sykes hopes to get ready his very small engine to fight the rubbing that slows liquid (or gas) moving liquid in nanosized pipes. Kevin Kelly of Rice University in Houston, Texas, who was not involved in the work, points out that if electrics energy move across does differently depending on the form of the molecules1, this could have follow-ups for the design of molecule1-scale electrics circuits14, which could be used in very small sensors or computer bits.

http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nnano.2011.142.html

molecule  The smallest unit making up a chemical ELEMENT or COMPOUND which has the same properties as the substance in the mass, and has the power of independent existence, a structure of two or more ATOMS.   Go back

organic  To do with organic chemistry.   Go back

compound  A compound thing, sp. a CHEMICAL COMPOUND.   Go back

asymmetric  Having no SYMMETRY.   Go back


butyl  The OPEN-CHAIN ALKYL RADICAL C4H9, got from BUTANE.   Go back


methyl  Having or being the group -CH3; used in naming different SYNTHETIC substances, sp. DYES (as methyl blue, methyl green, methyl violet) having a chemical relation with methyl.   Go back

sulphide  A substance formed by uniting one ELEMENT or group with S a SALT of H2S (hydrogen sulphide or hydrosulphuric acid).   Go back


sulphur  Chemical ELEMENT, at.no. 16 at.wt. 32.06, sign S, a non-metal having more than one form, commonly a light-yellow powder burning with a blue flame widely present in the earth, free or united, necessary to living things, and having a very wide range of uses, for example in making sulphuric acid, matches, DYES, INSECTICIDES, FERTILIZERS, and VULCANIZED rubber, and for medical purposes. OPEN-CHAIN ALKYL RADICAL C4H9, got from BUTANE.   Go back


propeller  A bladed, turning structure by which an airplane or ship is forced forward, or any part of different form having the same purpose, as an AIRSCREW or SCREW PROPELLER.   Go back


10  rotational  To do with, produced by, based on, rotation.   Go back


11  asymmetrical  Having no SYMMETRY.   Go back


12  asymmetry  Having no SYMMETRY.   Go back


13  nanotubes  Made of pure C, these tubes are long and thin and 1-3 10E-09 metres in diameter. As a single MOLECULE, these are 100 times stronger than steel and only 1/6 of the weight. Some are good at conducting electricity and heat, depending on the arrangement, and some act as a SEMICONDUCTOR.   Go back


14  circuits  The way taken by an electric current, the CONDUCTOR or system of conductors through which it goes (see CLOSED CIRCUIT, OPEN CIRCUIT).   Go back


http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nnano.2011.142.html, 2011-09-29 12:00:00 by Nature Nanotechnology ISSN: 1748-3387 EISSN: 1748-3395 Banner image © Ward Lopes, Heinrich Jaeger About NPG Contact NPG RSS web feeds Help Privacy policy Legal notice Accessibility statement Terms Na.

Separate molecule is smallest electric engine ever

For the first time, an electric engine has been made from a single molecule1 . At 1X10e-09 meter long, that makes the organic2 compound3 the smallest electric engine ever. Its agents putting into existence the idea to put forward their design to Guinness World records, but the small engine could also have good uses, such as pushing liquid (or gas) through narrow pipes in "lab-on-a-chip" apparatus.

Molecules1 have previously converted energy from light and chemical reactions into directed motion like rolling or moving up and down. Electrics has also set an oxygen molecule1 turning as by chance. But controlled,

http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21028185.300-red-wines-heart-health-chemical-unlocked-at-last.html, 2011-06-22 17:18:22 by New Scientist.

Red wine's heart condition chemical unlocked at last

Like receiving the heart safe-keeping powers of red wine without having to drink a glass every day? Soon you may be able to, thanks to the putting together of chemicals formed from resveratrol1, the smallest unit believed to give wine its safe-keeping powers. The chemicals have the possible & unused quality to fight many diseases, including cancer2.

Plants make a very great range of chemicals, called polyphenols3,from resveratrol1to keep safe (out of danger) themselves against ones making attack, particularly Fungi4. But they only make very small amounts of each chemical, making it greatly not simple for men of science to put or keep away and make use of them. The changing nature resveratrol1has also slowed down attempts at

http://hassers.blogspot.com/2008/08/no-one-really-uses-reason-by-chris.html, 2011-03-23 17:18:22 by New Scientist.

No one really uses reason

Though many may see it as troubling, it is now clear that few of the action-bound processes taking place in our brains ever touch on our being conscious. In other words, we do most of our "thinking" without ever being conscious of it. The simple act of seeing something depends upon what the German expert in physics, medical man and wise man Hermann von Helmholtz called "unconscious things discovered by reasoning". It is these that make able our brain to work out which thing is causing the unworked signs coming from our senses. The same general rule put to use in acting. When we act a simple act, getting up a glass, for example, we are not conscious of the complex decisions our brain has to make about the best way to move our arm and form our fingers.

It is a good

New Scientist, 2011-01-01 17:18:22 by New Scientist.

Young persons with low self-control are less good adults

Children who exist without self-control are more likely to become adults with poor condition of body and control of money.

So say Avshalom Caspi at Duke University in North Carolina, Terrie Moffitt at King's College London and persons having like-position, who followed the forward development of 1000 children born between 1972 and 1973in New Zealand. The group measured self-control by asking the boys and girls, as well as their parents and teachers, about their behavior every two years between the ages of 3and 15,and then at 18, 21, 26 and 32.

Children with higher levels of self-control were more likely to have a higher society & money position and a higher IQ 1. After adjusting for both points, the group found that adults who had low self-control as children were more likely to be overweight, have substance wrongly use questions, base of teeth disease and through sex let through disease. They

New Scientist, 2011-03-23 10:38:30 by New Scientist.

First sperm cells able to keep living grown from nothing

FOR the first time small rat-like animal sperm1 able to keep living have been grown outside thetestes2. If the way can be done over again and again with mankind sperm1, it could lead to new ways of giving attention to not-fertile men.

Takuya Sato at Yokohama City University in Japan and persons having like-position in the same organization got from seeds cells from the testes2 of fresh after birth small rat-like animals that had not yet begun producing sperm1. They placed the cells in agarose3 soft paste made wet for giving food to chemicals and hormones4 such as eggs undergoing growth in cow-like serum5 and testosterone6. The group had first engineered the small rat-like animal so

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